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If you enjoy spending time outdoors whether it be gardening, attending a sporting event or just taking a pleasant stroll, the annoyance of insects is a common companion. The incessant buzz of the mosquito is often the only warning signal we receive of an impending bite. The swelling and itching associated with the mosquito bite is typically considered the price that needs paid to escape the confines of our homes and get a bit of fresh air and sunshine. Unfortunately and in increasing instances, the frustrating mosquito bite is also bringing with it the potentially deadly West Nile virus.

What is the West Nile Virus?

The West Nile virus is named after the region where it was first identified in 1937: the West Nile District of Uganda. Since its initial discovery, the virus has been found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and in North America starting in 1999. The West Nile virus can infect mosquitos, birds, horses and humans. A mosquito will usually become infected by biting a bird that has already contracted the virus. In turn, the infected mosquito will pass along the virus to a human or horse.

Although most people, approximately 80%, will have no symptoms of West Nile Virus, others will develop serious complications. The milder symptoms range from slight fever, body aches, nausea and vomiting lasting anywhere between a few days to several weeks. For some, however, extremely serious symptoms occur including high fever, neck stiffness, headache, vision loss, coma and even paralysis. Unfortunately, when these types of complications arise, the neurological problems can be permanent.

Is there a vaccine for West Nile Virus?

At this point, no vaccine exists which can prevent West Nile virus in humans. However, a vaccine has been developed for horses which has been successful in significantly reducing the risk of infection. The equine vaccine should be administered yearly for maximum effectiveness.

With no vaccine available for humans, the best defense against the West Nile virus is prevention.

How to prevent West Nile Virus

Basic prevention of West Nile virus deals with reducing your chances of being bitten by a mosquito which is potentially infected. Some specific tips that you may find helpful are:

• Use insect repellent
• Cover-up with clothing as much as practical, especially arms, legs and neck
• Be aware of peak mosquito biting hours from dusk to dawn, limit outdoor activities during these times if possible
• Eliminate standing water around your home as mosquitoes lay their eggs in this environment
• Protect open windows and doors with screens to keep mosquitoes out of your home
• Do not handle dead birds, report them to your local health department for removal

According to the Centers for Disease Control over 3600 cases of West Nile Virus were reported in 2007 resulting in over 124 tragic deaths. Take the time to remain educated and germaware about the West Nile Virus and how to prevent it.

To get the latest information regarding West Nile virus click here.

Bill Johns is one of the many GermAware individuals in the world, seeking opportunities to spread information on how to remain healthy.

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